1、Composition of pneumatic system
The composition of the pneumatic system shown in Figure 1-1
① Air source device (power element). This is the device to obtain compressed air. The main part is the air compressor. It will be the prime mover (such as electric motors) supply of mechanical energy into the gas pressure energy, for all types of pneumatic equipment to provide power. In the general compressed air station, the most widely used is the piston air compressor, in the large compressed air station more centrifugal or axial air compressor.
② Actuator. Execution element is the pressure of the gas into mechanical energy conversion of a kind of energy conversion device, which includes the realization of linear reciprocating motion of the cylinder and the realization of continuous rotary motion or swing of the air motor or swing motor and so on.
③ control element. Control components are used to control the compressed air pressure, flow and flow direction, in order to make the actuator to complete the intended work cycle, so that the executive element to complete the intended movement. It includes a variety of pressure control valves, flow control valves and directional control valves.
④Auxiliary components. Auxiliary components are to ensure the purification of compressed air, components of the lubrication, connection between the components and muffling and other necessary devices, including filters, oil mist, coolers, water drainage, storage tanks, dryers, oil mists and mufflers, pipe fittings and mufflers, etc.. They play a very important role in maintaining a reliable, stable and durable pneumatic system.
⑤ working medium. The working medium is the transmission gas, compressed air. Pneumatic system is realized through the compressed air movement and power transmission.
2、the function of the main components of the pneumatic system
① air compressor: to provide a power source for the pneumatic system, equivalent to the hydraulic system in the hydraulic pump.
② tank: storage of compressed air. Its role is to weaken the piston air compressor discharge airflow pulsation, improve the continuity of the output airflow and pressure stability, and further precipitation and separation of moisture and oil in the compressed air to ensure a continuous supply of sufficient air volume. Gas storage tanks are divided into vertical and horizontal two kinds, usually more vertical, the height of its diameter of 2 ~ 3 times, the volume is about the compressor per minute production capacity (exhaust) converted into the volume of compressed gas.
③ after the cooler: air compressed by the compressor, the exhaust temperature of up to 140 ~ 170 ℃, installed in the compressor after the cooler (after the cooler) can reduce the temperature of the compressed air, air compressor generated by high temperatures and more moisture in the compressed air cooled to remove condensate. Commonly used after-cooler tube type, heat sink type, casing type, etc..
④ Main line filter: In order to remove the dust, water and oil contained in the compressed air of the air compressor, the filter is set in the piping part of the main line. The main line filter must have minimum pressure drop and oil separation capability.
⑤ Compressed air dryer: Compulsory cooling treatment of compressed air, water vapor in the compressed air is converted into water droplets and then removed, so that it becomes dry compressed air. The most common compressed air dryer is adsorption dryer and refrigeration dryer.
(6) air filter: as one of the three major components of the air source air filter, can be further removed into the branch circuit of the compressed air or piping generated in the dust, rust, condensation, etc., to protect pneumatic components, to prevent the occurrence of failures.
(7) Pressure Reducing Valve: the air compressor to send compressed air decompression process, the secondary side of the air pressure setting, adjusted to the required pressure.
⑧ oil atomizer: in order to make the components smooth operation, improve the durability of the components, the use of flowing compressed air, the lubricant into a mist sent to the end of the components, lubricating movement components with the role of the surface.
⑨ muffler: installed on the exhaust port of the reversing valve to attenuate the exhaust noise when switching.
⑩ reversing valve (solenoid valve): to make or break the compressed air, or to change its flow direction.
⑪Speed control valve: Adjusts the flow of compressed air and regulates the speed of the cylinder or air motor.
⑫ Cylinder: Converts the energy of air pressure into effective force and kinetic energy to do work outward to push or carry objects.
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